Year 2024 / Volume 35 / Number 1

Reviews

Percutaneous electrical stimulation as a pain treatment caused by the most common compressive nerve syndromes in the foot and ankle. Literature review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2024; 35(1): 42-48 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2024.1687/2024

Laura Regife Fernández, Marta Moreno Fresco, Ramón Mahillo Durán


ABSTRACT

Chronic pain triggers emotional, physical, economic, and social consequences for patients, thus causing one of the most costly health problems for society. This unpleasant experience manifests in nerve entrapment syndromes in multiple ways. Therefore, in the face of failed conservative therapies, the introduction of new treatments such as percutaneous electrical stimulation reflects promising results in reducing painful symptoms. Thus, the main objective of this literature review is to assess the eff ectiveness of the percutaneous electrical stimulation technique in the treatment of neuropathic/chronic pain caused by the most frequent nerve entrapment syndromes in the foot and ankle.
A search has been conducted on various scientific databases during the months of February and March 2023. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 30 articles were selected and analyzed. Of these, 18 articles meeting the search criteria were identified and, consequently, included in the discussion.
In conclusion, it is observed that the technique demonstrates its short-term eff ectiveness in reducing musculoskeletal, neuropathic, or postoperative pain, as well as medication intake. We have encountered diffi culties in demonstrating its eff ectiveness in nerve entrapment syndromes in the foot and ankle, although it has shown efficacy for those occurring in other parts of the body. Established authors employ varied intervention protocols, with the majority alternating high and low frequencies within a 20-30 minute interval.



RESUMEN

El dolor crónico desencadena consecuencias emocionales, físicas, económicas y sociales para el paciente, ocasionando así uno de los problemas de salud más costosos para la sociedad. Esta experiencia desagradable se manifi esta en los síndromes de atrapamiento nervioso de múltiples maneras. Es por ello que, ante terapias conservadoras fallidas, la introducción de nuevos tratamientos como la estimulación eléctrica percutánea reflejan mostrar buenos resultados en cuanto a la disminución de la clínica dolorosa. De esta manera, el objetivo principal de esta revisión bibliográfica fue conocer la efectividad de la técnica de estimulación eléctrica percutánea en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático/crónico, ocasionado por los síndromes de atrapamiento nervioso más frecuentes en el pie y tobillo.
Se ha realizado una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos científi cas durante los meses de febrero y marzo de 2023. Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron y analizaron un total de 30 artículos. De estos, 18 cumplieron con los criterios de búsqueda y se incluyeron en la discusión.
Como conclusiones se obtiene que la técnica demuestra su efectividad a corto plazo en cuanto a la reducción del dolor musculoesquelético, neuropático o postoperatorio, así como en la ingesta de medicamentos. Hemos tenido dificultades para evidenciar su efectividad en los síndromes de atrapamiento nervioso en el pie y tobillo, aunque sí para los ocasionados en otras partes del cuerpo. Los autores contrastados utilizan diferentes protocolos de actuación. Si bien la mayoría alternan altas y bajas frecuencias en un intervalo de 20-30 minutos.


Nuevo comentario

Security code:
CAPTCHA code image
Speak the codeChange the code
 

Comentarios

No comments in this article

Bibliografía

1. Sociedad Española del Dolor. Manual de Medicina del Dolor. Fundamentos, evaluación y tratamiento. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2016.
2. Rodríguez EJ, Granados V. La percepción del dolor. Milenaria. 2020;(16):16-8. DOI: 10.35830/mcya.vi16.136.
3. Velasco M. Dolor neuropático. Rev Med Clin Condes. 2014;25(4):625-34. DOI: 10.1016/S0716-8640(14)70083-5.
4. Neculhueque X, Moyano A, Paolinelli C. Neuropatías por Atrapamiento. Reumatol. 2007;23(1):7-11.
5. Flanigan R, DiGiovanni B. Peripheral Nerve Entrapments of the Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Foot Ankle clin. 2011;16(2):255-74.
6. Ferkel E, Davis WH, Ellington JK. Entrapment Neuropathies of the Foot and Ankle. Clin Sports Med. 2015;34(4):791-801.
7. Guerrero SJ, Coheña M, Montaño P, Perea J, Alfonso N. Síndromes de atrapamiento nervioso en el pie: túnel tarsiano, túnel tarsiano anterior y atrapamiento del nervio de báxter. Rev Esp Pod. 2015;26(4):134-8.
8. Pomeroy G, Wilton J, Anthony S. Entrapment neuropathy about the foot and ankle: an update. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(1):58-66.
9. Fabre T, Mouton A, Durandeau A. Compresiones nerviosas del tobillo y del pie. EMC - Podología. 2007;9(3):1-12.
10. Valera F, Minaya F. Fisioterapia invasiva. 2.a ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2016.
11. Albornoz M, Maya J. Electroestimulación transcutánea y neuromuscular, y neuromodulación. 2.a ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2020.
12. Láinez JM, Morcillo E. Neuromodulación: una alternativa en las enfermedades neurológicas. Anales (Reial Acadèmia de Medicina de la Comunitat Valenciana). 2015;16:2172-8925.
13. Fidalgo I, Ramos JJ, Murias R, Rodríguez ES. Effects of percutaneous neuromodulation in neuromusculoskeletal pathologies: A systematic review. Medicine. 2022;101(41):e31016.
14. Plaza G, Gómez GF, Cleland JA, Arías JL, Fernández C, Navarro MJ. Effectiveness of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain. 2020;24(6):1023-44.
15. Rodriguez L, Arribas A, Fernández J, González Y, Laguarta S. Effects of Percutaneous and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Endogenous Pain Mechanisms in Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Med. 2023;24(4):397-414.
16. Weiner DK, Perera S, Rudy TE, Glick RM, Shenoy S, Delitto A. Efficacy of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Therapeutic Exercise for Older Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain. 2008;140(2):344.
17. Ghoname ESA, Craig WF, White PF, Ahmed HE, Hamza MA, Henderson BN, et al. Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain: A Randomized Crossover Study. JAMA. 1999;281(9):818-23.
18. Yokoyama M, Sun X, Oku S, Taga N, Sato K, Mizobuchi S, et al. Comparison of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for long-term pain relief in patients with chronic low back pain. Anesth Analg. 2004;98(6):1552-6.
19. Rossi M, De Carolis G, Liberatoscioli G, Iemma D, Nosella P, Nardi LF. A Novel Mini-invasive Approach to the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: The PENS Study. Pain Physician. 2016;19(1):121-8.
20. Raphael JH, Raheem TA, Southall JL, Bennett A, Ashford RL, Williams S. Randomized double-blind sham-controlled crossover study of short-term effect of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in neuropathic pain. Pain Med. 2011;12(10):1515-22.
21. Ilfeld BM, Plunkett A, Vijjeswarapu AM, Hackworth R, Dhanjal S, Turan A, et al. Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (Neuromodulation) for Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Sham-controlled Pilot Study. Anesthesiology. 2021;135(1):95-110.
22. Beltrá P, Ruiz-del-Portal I, Ortega FJ, Valdesuso R, Delicado-Miralles M, Velasco E. Sensorimotor effects of plasticity-inducing percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation protocols: a blinded, randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pain. 2022;26(5):1039-55.
23. Klein T, Magerl W, Hopf HC, Sandkühler J, Treede RD. Perceptual Correlates of Nociceptive Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression in Humans. J neurosci. 2004;24(4):964-71.
24. Sdrulla AD, Xu Q, He SQ, Tiwari V, Yang F, Zhang C, et al. Electrical stimulation of low-threshold afferent fibers induces a prolonged synaptic depression in lamina II dorsal horn neurons to high-threshold afferent inputs in mice. Pain. 2015;156(6):1008-17.
25. Arias JL, Cleland JA, El Bachiri YR, Plaza G, Fernández C. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of the radial nerve for a patient with lateral elbow pain: A case report with a 2-year follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49(5):347-54.
26. Ghoname ESA, Craig WF, White PF, Ahmed HE, Hamza MA, Gajraj NM, et al. The effect of stimulus frequency on the analgesic response to percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with chronic low back pain. Anesth Analg. 1999;88(4):841-6.
27. Ferreira-Dos-Santos G, Hurdle MFB, Gupta S, Clendenen SR. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Lower Extremity Pain: A Rare Case Report. Pain Pract. 2019;19(8):861-5.
28. Langford B, Mauck WD. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: A New Treatment for Meralgia Paresthetica. Pain Med. 2021;22(1):213-6.
29. García P, De-la-Cruz B, Romero C. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Neuromodulation in Patients with Unilateral Anterior Knee Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Appl Sci. 2020;10(13):4647.
30. Fernández C, Arias JL, El Bachiri YR, Plaza G, Cleland JA. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous electrical stimulation for a patient with cubital tunnel syndrome: a case report with a one-year follow-up. Physiother Theory Pract. 2022;38(10):1564-9.

Artículos relacionados

Anatomy and sonopathology of the metatarsophalangeal plantar plate

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2024; 35(1): 57-68 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2024.1693/2024

Eficacy of arthroscopy in hallux rigidus: a sistematic review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2024; 35(1): 49-56 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2024.1689/2024

Qualitative pilot study on the orthotic management of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction by podiatrists

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2024; 35(1): 30-35 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2024.1686/2024

Surgical approach to rheumatic foot. Case series

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2024; 35(1): 17-21 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2024.1678/2023

Ultrasound-detected ankle tenosynovitis is associated with foot function disorders: a cross-sectional study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2024; 35(1): 11-16 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2024.1692/2024

Measuring tools for nail pathology: literature review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 113-120 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1667/2023

Podiatrically significant injuries in the regular practice of contact sports.

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 104-108 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1668/2023

Rotational anomalies in women with hallux valgus. Observational study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 90-98 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1673/2023

Morphology and function of the foot in patients with sciatica. A cross-sectional study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 82-89 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1672/2023

Limitation of ankle dorsiflexion and hallux in master category swimmers

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 74-81 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1671/2023

Affections of the lower limb in subjects that perform kick-boxing: descriptive study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 69-73 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1669/2023

Treatment for plantar fasciitis with biomechanical socks. Preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 62-68 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1663/2023

Sonographic mapping of the nerves of the medial side of the ankle and foot

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(1): 52-57 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1665/2023

Surgical treatment of diabetic foot plantar ulcer. Report of a clinical case

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(1): 47-51 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1658/2023

Evolution of use in the treatments of plantar warts

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(1): 35-38 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1661/2023

Influence of surgical treatment of hallux abducto-valgus on first ray mobility

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(1): 13-18 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1650/2022

Estimation of the ossification of the bones of the foot about the population of Extremadura. Observational study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(1): 3-12 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1654/2022

Surgical resolution of an hallucal interphalangeal sesamoid

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(2): 122-127 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1645/2022

Reduction of dynamic plantar pressures in the medial plantar forefoot with biomechanical socks

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(2): 110-114 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1646/2022

A new modification of the Winograd technique for the treatment of ingrown toenail

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(2): 104-109 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1634/2022

Effect of custom rigid insoles in compressive plantar heel pain: a prospective case series

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(2): 96-103 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1647/2022

Plantar pressues in two sock models with different three-dimensional wave separation

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(2): 88-95 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1641/2022

Observational study on anesthesia pain for hallux nail surgery

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(2): 79-87 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1637/2022

Application of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of foot ulcers

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(2): 77-78 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1648/2022

Update of new neuromuscular bandage techniques in podiatry

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 59-65 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1630/2022

False rheumatoid nodule in the left third toe and its surgical treatment. A case report

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 54-58 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1628/2021

Clinical case: angioleiomyoma on the foot

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 50-53 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1622/2021

Pain and foot posture in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A descriptive study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 35-40 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1633/2022

Baropodometric variation with weight loss: an experimental study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 21-28 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1627/2021

Effectiveness of collagen injection for plantar fasciitis: randomised clinical trial

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 14-20 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1608/2021

Comparative study between two techniques of local troncular anesthesia of the first toe

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 9-13 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1605/2021

Timing of foot stance in relation to the child’s age: a descriptive observational study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2022; 33(1): 3-8 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2022.1589/2020

Longitudinal arch load-sharing system of the foot

Rev Esp Podol. 2017;28(1):37-45

Talectomy. A case report

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 140-145 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1616/2021

Biomechanical study test in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 132-139 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1611/2021

Narrative review of the use and applications of radiofrequency for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 123-131 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1601/2021

Symmetry in podal temperature in diabetic patients and its relationship with the postural index of the foot

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 106-115 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1607/2021

Kinematic analysis of ankle and midfoot joints in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 99-105 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1603/2021

Reduction of dynamic plantar pressures in an experimental sock. A preliminary report

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 86-92 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1619/2021

Foot temperature in the different phases of the menstrual cycle

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 79-85 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1606/2021

Effect of laser therapy on post surgical pain and edema after hallux valgus surgery: a prospective analytical study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 74-78 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1570/2020

Relationship of the design of football boots to the injury in football: systematic review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(1): 49-57 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1580/2020

Effectiveness of conservative treatments in patients with calcaneal apophysitis. Systematic review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(1): 42-48 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1593/2020

Radiographic study of the mobility of the first ray in the sagittal and frontal planes

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(1): 27-35 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1600/2021

Descriptive analysis of 3D foot motion using inertial sensors: comparison between lower extremities

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(1): 13-17 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1594/2020

Relationship between dorsal ankle flexion and medial column flexibility

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(1): 7-12 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1572/2020

Meschan angle through clinical photography: pilot study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(1): 2-6 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1565/2020

Surgical reconstruction of a complex neuroarthopatic charcot foot: a case report

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 117-125 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1569/2020

Quality of life in patients with hallux valgux assessed by SF-36, SF-12 and FHSQ questionnaires: a systematic review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 102-109 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1583/2020

Distal metatarsal mini-invasive osteotomy for the iatrogenic metatarsalgia. Retrospective study of a serie of cases

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 93-101 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1574/2020

Anxiety study in the presurgical patient in foot surgery

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 87-92 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1562/2020

General and podiatric quality of life in postmenopausal women with bone metabolism disorders: observational study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 76-81 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1559/2020

Study of the response to aerobic resistance exercises based on the type of foot in the child population

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 71-75 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1560/2020

Dynamic instability of the pelvis and its relation to plantar pressures in runners

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 65-70 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1558/2020

The impact of the foot for the health

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(2): 63-64 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1586/2020

Multidisciplinary approach to neuroischaemic ulcers; a case report

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(1): 55-61 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1573/2020

How to give advise on footwear to running patients? From scientific evidence to clinical experience

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(1): 46-54 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1571/2020

Effects of a stabilizer sock in balance in patients with different neurologic diseases

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(1): 38-45 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1566/2020

Analysis of stiffness of the first ray during weightbearing with a new device: a feasibility exploratory study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(1): 24-30 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1555/2019

Study of the effectiveness of foot orthoses in frequent foot pathologies

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(1): 16-23 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1557/2020

“Ruiz” surgical technique. Innovation for correction of pincer nails and onychocryptosis

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2020; 31(1): 10-15 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2020.1550/2019

Minimally invasive surgery of the lesser toes

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2019; 30(2): 113-126 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2019.1546/2019

Ecoguided puncture in front of the blind puncture in the nervous lock of the foot: narrative bibliographical review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2019; 30(2): 101-108 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2019.1548/2019

Provision of orthopaedic footwear to patients in a hospital area: transversal study

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2019; 30(2): 81-86 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2019.1547/2019

Effects of the Low-Dye tape on the foot. A narrative review

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2019; 30(1): 38-52 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2019.1526/2018

Extraction of gotous tofos. Clinical case.

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2019; 30(1): 24-30 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2019.1515/2018

Normative values to determine a flatfoot or cavus foot

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2019; 30(1): 15-23 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2019.1540/2019

Confidence intervals vs. p values (II). Meta-analytic thinking vs. dichotomous thinking

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2018; 29(2): 113-116 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2018.1522/2018

Tissue stress model. Clinical applications in foot pathology

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2018; 29(2): 101-112 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2018.1531/2018

S-Plasty for excision of a circular lession of the hallux: a case report

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2018; 29(2): 94-100 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2018.1525/2018

Frequency of recurring onychocryptosis in diabetic population derived to a podiatric clinic

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2018; 29(2): 75-80 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2018.1523/2018

Flatfoot surgery: a personal view

Rev Esp Podol. 2018;29(1):49-59 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2018.1516/2018

Effectiveness of conservative orthotic treatment in flexible pediatric flatfoot

Rev Esp Podol. 2018;29(1):2-12 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2018.1507/2018

Instrucciones para citar

Regife Fernández L, Moreno Fresco M, Mahillo Durán R. Percutaneous electrical stimulation as a pain treatment caused by the most common compressive nerve syndromes in the foot and ankle. Literature review. Rev Esp Pod 2024; 35(1): 42-48 / DOI: 1020986/revesppod20241687/2024


Descargar a un gestores de citas

Descargue la cita de este artículo haciendo clic en uno de los siguientes gestores de citas:

Métrica

Este artículo ha sido visitado 21 veces.
Este artículo ha sido descargado 0 veces.

Estadísticas de Dimensions


Estadísticas de Plum Analytics

Ficha Técnica

Recibido: 13/01/2024

Aceptado: 09/03/2024

Prepublicado: 10/06/2024

Publicado: 28/06/2024

Tiempo de revisión del artículo: 54 días

Tiempo de prepublicación: 149 días

Tiempo de edición del artículo: 167 días


Compartir

Este artículo aun no tiene valoraciones .
Reader rating:
Rate this article:
2024 Revista Española de Podología
ISSN: 0210-1238   e-ISSN: 2695-463X

      Indexada en: