ISSN: 0210-1238
e-ISSN: 2695-463X

Busqueda avanzada

Year 2023 / Volume 34 / Number 2

Abstract

PDF

Updates

The first rocker: influence of the initial contact pattern on biomechanics, injuries, and performance in long-distance running

Rev. Esp. Pod. 2023; 34(2): 121-131 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2023.1679/2023

Luis Enrique Roche-Seruendo, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Alejandro Molina-Molina, Alberto Rubio-Peirotén, Carlos Mayo-Nieto, Alejandro Nuñez-Trull

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the relationship between long-distance runners’ foot strike patterns (Rearfoot Strike [RFS] and Non Rearfoot Strike [NRFS]) and various aspects such as injuries, performance, and biomechanics. While running has established itself as a popular activity with cardiovascular, respiratory, and psychological benefits, it carries a significant risk of injuries. It was found that most runners adopt an RFS pattern, which tends to increase with distance covered and the use of cushioned footwear. Although some studies suggest a relationship between certain foot strike patterns and specific injuries, there is insufficient evidence to recommend changes in foot strike patterns for injury prevention. Elite runners tend to use an NRFS pattern more than amateurs, but the relationship between foot strike patterns, performance, and biomechanical variables is complex and varies indivually. It concludes that health professionals and coaches should consider these variations when advising runners on training techniques and strategies, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries.

RESUMEN

Este artículo examina la relación entre los patrones de pisada de corredores de larga distancia (Rearfoot Strike [RFS] y Non Rearfoot Strike [NRFS]) y varios aspectos como lesiones, rendimiento y biomecánica. A pesar de que correr se ha establecido como una actividad popular con beneficios cardiovasculares, respiratorios y psicológicos, conlleva un riesgo significativo de lesiones. Se encontró que la mayoría de los corredores adoptan un patrón RFS, que tiende a aumentar con la distancia recorrida, la fatiga y el uso de calzado amortiguado. Aunque algunos estudios sugieren una relación entre ciertos patrones de pisada y lesiones específicas, no hay suficiente evidencia para recomendar cambios en el patrón de pisada para la prevención de lesiones. Los corredores de élite tienden a usar un patrón NRFS más que los amateurs, pero la relación entre el patrón de pisada, el rendimiento y las variables biomecánicas es compleja y varía según el individuo. Se concluye que los profesionales de la salud y entrenadores deben considerar estas variaciones al asesorar a los corredores sobre técnicas y estrategias de entrenamiento, prevención, tratamiento y readaptación de lesiones.

Nuevo comentario

Security code:

Comentarios

No comments in this article

Bibliografía

1. van Dyck D, Cardon G, de Bourdeaudhuij I, de Ridder L, Willem A. Who Participates in Running Events? Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Psychosocial Factors and Barriers as Correlates of Non-Participation-A Pilot Study in Belgium. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(11):1315.

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111315

2. Scheerder J, Breedveld K, Borgers J. Who is doing a run with the running boom? The growth and governance of one of Europe’s most popular sport activities. Running across Europe: The rise and size of one of the largest sport markets. Springer; 2015. p. 1-27.

3. Shorten M, Mientjes MIV. The ‘heel impact’ force peak during running is neither ‘heel’ nor ‘impact’ and does not quantify shoe cushioning effects. Footwear Science. 2011;3(1):41-58.

DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2010.542186

4. Videbæk S, Bueno AM, Nielsen RO, Rasmussen S. Incidence of Running-Related Injuries Per 1000 h of running in Different Types of Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45(7):1017-26.

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0333-8

5. van Gent RN, Siem D, van Middelkoop M, van Os AG, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Koes BW, et al. Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(8):469-80.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.033548

6. Van Middelkoop M, Kolkman J, Van Ochten J, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Koes B. Prevalence and incidence of lower extremity injuries in male marathon runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(2):140-4.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00683.x

7. Lun V, Meeuwisse WH, Stergiou P, Stefanyshyn D. Relation between running injury and static lower limb alignment in recreational runners. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(5):576-80.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.005488

8. Vanmechelen W, Hlobil H, Kemper HCG, Voorn WJ, Dejongh HR. Prevention of running injuries by warm-up, cool-down, and stretching exercises. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21(5):711-9.

DOI: 10.1177/036354659302100513

9. Messier SP, Martin DF, Mihalko SL, Ip E, DeVita P, Cannon DW, et al. A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Overuse Running Injuries The Runners and Injury Longitudinal Study (TRAILS). Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(9):2211-21.

DOI: 10.1177/0363546518773755

10. Hreljac A, Marshall RN, Hume PA. Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(9):1635-41.

DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200009000-00018

11. Goss DL, Gross MT. Relationships among self-reported shoe type, footstrike pattern, and injury incidence. US Army Med Dep J. 2012:25-30.

12. Kulmala JP, Avela J, Pasanen K, Parkkari J. Forefoot Strikers Exhibit Lower Running-Induced Knee Loading than Rearfoot Strikers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(12):2306-13.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829efcf7

13. Daoud AI, Geissler GJ, Wang F, Saretsky J, Daoud YA, Lieberman DE. Foot Strike and Injury Rates in Endurance Runners: A Retrospective Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(7):1325-34.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182465115

14. Paquette MR, Milner CE, Melcher DA. Foot contact angle variability during a prolonged run with relation to injury history and habitual foot strike pattern. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(2):217-22.

DOI: 10.1111/sms.12647

15. Warr BJ, Fellin RE, Sauer SG, Goss DL, Frykman PN, Seay JF. Characterization of Foot-Strike Patterns: Lack of an Association With Injuries or Performance in Soldiers. Mil Med. 2015;180(7):830-4.

DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00220

16. Pomarino D, Martin S, Pomarino A. The differential diagnostic of Idiopathic Toe Walking. 2017;5(Issue 9).

DOI: 10.1177/1938640016656780

17. Attias M, Bonnefoy-Mazure A, De Coulon G, Cheze L, Armand S. Toe-walking and its impact on first and second rocker in gait patterns with different degrees of artificially emulated soleus and gastrocnemius contracture. Gait Posture. 2023;105:104-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.285

18. Bredeweg SW, Kluitenberg B, Bessem B, Buist I. Differences in kinetic variables between injured and noninjured novice runners: A prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(3):205-10.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.08.002

19. van der Worp H, Vrielink JW, Bredeweg SW. Do runners who suffer injuries have higher vertical ground reaction forces than those who remain injury-free? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(8):450-7.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094924

20. Zadpoor AA, Nikooyan AA. The relationship between lower-extremity stress fractures and the ground reaction force: A systematic review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2011;26(1):23-8.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.08.005

21. Pohl MB, Hamill J, Davis IS. Biomechanical and Anatomic Factors Associated with a History of Plantar Fasciitis in Female Runners. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19(5):372-6.

DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181b8c270

22. Brechter JH, Powers CM. Patellofemoral stress during walking in persons with and without patellofemoral pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(10):1582-93.

DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200210000-00009

23. Farrokhi S, Keyak JH, Powers CM. Individuals with patellofemoral pain exhibit greater patellofemoral joint stress: a finite element analysis study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011;19(3):287-94.

DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.12.001

24. Mercer JA, Horsch S. Heel-toe running: A new look at the influence of foot strike pattern on impact force. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2015;13(1):29-34.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2014.12.001

25. Thompson MA, Lee SS, Seegmiller J, McGowan CP. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of barefoot and shod running in mid/forefoot and rearfoot strike runners. Gait Posture. 2015;41(4):957-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.002

26. Shih Y, Lin KL, Shiang TY. Is the foot striking pattern more important than barefoot or shod conditions in running? Gait Posture. 2013;38(3):490-4.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.01.030

27. Yong JR, Silder A, Montgomery KL, Fredericson M, Delp SL. Acute changes in foot strike pattern and cadence affect running parameters associated with tibial stress fractures. J Biomech. 2018;76:1-7.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.05.017

28. Drew MK, Finch CF. The Relationship Between Training Load and Injury, Illness and Soreness: A Systematic and Literature Review. Sports Med. 2016;46(6):861-83.

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0459-8

29. Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Alonso JM, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Dijkstra HP, et al. How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(17):1043-52.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096572

30. Davis IS, Bowser BJ, Mullineaux DR. Greater vertical impact loading in female runners with medically diagnosed injuries: a prospective investigation. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(14):887-U129.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094579

31. Cavanagh PR, Lafortune MA. Ground reaction forces in distance running. J Biomech. 1980;13(5):397-406.

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(80)90033-0

32. Lieberman DE, Venkadesan M, Werbel WA, Daoud AI, D'Andrea S, Davis IS, et al. Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature. 2010;463(7280):531-U149.

DOI: 10.1038/nature08723

33. Milner CE, Ferber R, Pollard CD, Hamill J, Davis IS. Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(2):323-8.

DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000183477.75808.92

34. Robbins SE, Hanna AM. Running-related injury prevention through barefoot adaptations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1987;19(2):148-56.

35. Almeida MO, Davis IS, Lopes AD. Biomechanical Differences of Foot-Strike Patterns During Running: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45(10):738-55.

DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2015.6019

36. Hasegawa H, Yamauchi T, Kraemew WJ. Foot strike patterns of runners at the 15-km point during an elite-level half marathon. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):888-93.

37. Stearne SM, Alderson JA, Green BA, Donnelly CJ, Rubenson J. Joint Kinetics in Rearfoot versus Forefoot Running: Implications of Switching Technique. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(8):1578-87.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000254

38. Larson P, Higgins E, Kaminski J, Decker T, Preble J, Lyons D, et al. Foot strike patterns of recreational and sub-elite runners in a long-distance road race. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(15):1665-73.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.610347

39. Bovalino SP, Cunningham NJ, Zordan RD, Harkin SM, Thies HHG, Graham CJ, et al. Change in foot strike patterns and performance in recreational runners during a road race: A cross-sectional study. J Sci Med Sport. 2020;23(6):621-4.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.018

40. Dingenen B, Malliaras P, Janssen T, Ceyssens L, Vanelderen R, Barton CJ. Two-dimensional video analysis can discriminate differences in running kinematics between recreational runners with and without running-related knee injury. Phys Ther Sport. 2019;38:184-91.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.05.008

41. Donoghue OA, Harrison AJ, Laxton P, Jones RK. Lower limb kinematics of subjects with chronic achilles tendon injury during running. Res Sports Med. 2008;16(1):23-38.

DOI: 10.1080/15438620701693231

42. Dudley RI, Pamukoff DN, Lynn SK, Kersey RD, Noffal GJ. A prospective comparison of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics between injured and non-injured collegiate cross country runners. Human movement science. 2017;52:197-202.

DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.02.007

43. Mann R, Malisoux L, Brunner R, Gette P, Urhausen A, Statham A, et al. Reliability and validity of pressure and temporal parameters recorded using a pressure-sensitive insole during running. Gait Posture. 2014;39(1):455-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.08.026

44. Altman AR, Davis IS. A kinematic method for footstrike pattern detection in barefoot and shod runners. Gait Posture. 2012;35(2):298-300.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.09.104

45. Breine B, Malcolm P, Frederick EC, De Clercq D. Relationship between Running Speed and Initial Foot Contact Patterns. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(8):1595-603.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000267

46. Van Hooren B, Fuller JT, Buckley JD, Miller JR, Sewell K, Rao G, et al. Is Motorized Treadmill Running Biomechanically Comparable to Overground Running? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Over Studies. Sports Med. 2020;50(4):785-813.

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01237-z

47. Bovalino SP, Kingsley MIC. Foot Strike Patterns During Overground Distance Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med Open. 2021;7(1):82.

DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00369-9

48. Hamill J, Gruber AH. Is changing footstrike pattern beneficial to runners? J Sport Health Sci. 2017;6(2):146-53.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.02.004

49. Kerrigan DC, Franz JR, Keenan GS, Dicharry J, Della Croce U, Wilder RP. The effect of running shoes on lower extremity joint torques. PM R. 2009;1(12):1058-63.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.09.011

50. Fuller JT, Thewlis D, Tsiros MD, Brown NAT, Buckley JD. Six-week transition to minimalist shoes improves running economy and time-trial performance. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20(12):1117-22.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.04.013

51. Anderson LM, Bonanno DR, Hart HF, Barton CJ. What are the Benefits and Risks Associated with Changing Foot Strike Pattern During Running? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Injury, Running Economy, and Biomechanics. Sports Med. 2020;50(5):885-917.

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01238-y

52. Di Michele R, Merni F. The concurrent effects of strike pattern and ground-contact time on running economy. J Sci Med Sport. 2014;17(4):414-8.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.05.012

53. Lieberman DE, Castillo ER, Otarola-Castillo E, Sang MK, Sigei TK, Ojiambo R, et al. Variation in Foot Strike Patterns among Habitually Barefoot and Shod Runners in Kenya. PloS one. 2015;10(7):e0131354.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131354

54. Paavolainen L, Nummela A, Rusko H, Häkkinen K. Neuromuscular characteristics and fatigue during 10 km running. Int J Sports Med. 1999;20(8):516-21.

DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-8837

55. Arendse RE, Noakes TD, Azevedo LB, Romanov N, Schwellnus MP, Fletcher G. Reduced eccentric loading of the knee with the pose running method. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(2):272-7.

DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000113684.61351.B0

56. Ardigo LP, Lafortuna C, Minetti AE, Mognoni P, Saibene F. Metabolic and mechanical aspects of foot landing type, forefoot and rearfoot strike, in human running. Acta Physiol Scand. 1995;155(1):17-22.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09943.x

57. Ardigo LP, Lafortuna C, Minetti AE, Mognoni P, Saibene F. Metabolic and mechanical aspects of foot landing type, forefoot and rearfoot strike, in human running. Acta Physiol Scand. 1995;155(1):17-22.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09943.x

58. Breine B, Malcolm P, Van Caekenberghe I, Fiers P, Frederick EC, De Clercq D. Initial foot contact and related kinematics affect impact loading rate in running. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(15):1556-64.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1225970

59. Kernozek TW, Knaus A, Rademaker T, Almonroeder TG. The effects of habitual foot strike patterns on Achilles tendon loading in female runners. Gait Posture. 2018;66:283-7.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.09.016

60. Dos Santos AF, Nakagawa TH, Nakashima GY, Maciel CD, Serrão F. The Effects of Forefoot Striking, Increasing Step Rate, and Forward Trunk Lean Running on Trunk and Lower Limb Kinematics and Comfort. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(5):369-73.

DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564173

61. Melcher DA, Paquette MR, Schilling BK, Bloomer RJ. Joint stiffness and running economy during imposed forefoot strike before and after a long run in rearfoot strike runners. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(23):2297-303.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1266016

62. Gruber AH, Edwards WB, Hamill J, Derrick TR, Boyer KA. A comparison of the ground reaction force frequency content during rearfoot and non-rearfoot running patterns. Gait Posture. 2017;56:54-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.037

63. Sun XL, Yang Y, Wang L, Zhang XN, Fu WJ. Do Strike Patterns or Shoe Conditions Have a Predominant Influence on Foot Loading? J Hum Kinet. 2018;64(1):13-23.

DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0205

64. Vannatta CN, Kernozek TW, Gheidi N. Changes in gluteal muscle forces with alteration of footstrike pattern during running. Gait Posture. 2017;58:240-5.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.08.005

65. Bowersock CD, Willy RW, DeVita P, Willson JD. Independent effects of step length and foot strike pattern on tibiofemoral joint forces during running. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(20):2005-13.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1249904

66. Kelly LA, Farris DJ, Lichtwark GA, Cresswell AG. The Influence of Foot-Strike Technique on the Neuromechanical Function of the Foot. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(1):98-108.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001420

67. dos Santos AF, Nakagawa TH, Nakashima GY, Maciel CD, Serrao F. The Effects of Forefoot Striking, Increasing Step Rate, and Forward Trunk Lean Running on Trunk and Lower Limb Kinematics and Comfort. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(5):369-73.

DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564173

68. dos Santos AF, Nakagawa TH, Serrao FV, Ferber R. Patellofemoral joint stress measured across three different running techniques. Gait Posture. 2019;68:37-43.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.11.002

69. Boyer ER, Rooney BD, Derrick TR. Rearfoot and Midfoot or Forefoot Impacts in Habitually Shod Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(7):1384-91.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000234

70. Williams DSB, 3rd, Green DH, Wurzinger B. Changes in lower extremity movement and power absorption during forefoot striking and barefoot running. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7(5):525-32.

71. Valenzuela KA, Lynn SK, Mikelson LR, Noffal GJ, Judelson DA. Effect of Acute Alterations in Foot Strike Patterns during Running on Sagittal Plane Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics. J Sports Sci Med. 2015;14(1):225-32.

72. Yong JR, Silder A, Delp SL. Differences in muscle activity between natural forefoot and rearfoot strikers during running. J Biomech. 2014;47(15):3593-7.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.10.015

73. Laughton CA, Davis IM, Hamill J. Effect of strike pattern and orthotic intervention on tibial shock during running. J Applied Biomech. 2003;19(2):153-68.

DOI: 10.1123/jab.19.2.153

74. Stackhouse CL, Davis IM, Hamill J. Orthotic intervention in forefoot and rearfoot strike running patterns. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19(1):64-70.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.09.002

75. Vannatta CN, Kernozek TW. Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Alterations in Foot Strike Pattern. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(5):1001-8.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000503

76. Melcher DA, Paquette MR, Schilling BK, Bloomer RJ. Joint stiffness and running economy during imposed forefoot strike before and after a long run in rearfoot strike runners. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(23):2297-303.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1266016

77. Kuhman D, Melcher D, Paquette MR. Ankle and knee kinetics between strike patterns at common training speeds in competitive male runners. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(4):433-40.

DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1086818

78. Nunns M, House C, Fallowfield J, Allsopp A, Dixon S. Biomechanical characteristics of barefoot footstrike modalities. J Biomech. 2013;46(15):2603-10.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.08.009

79. Divert C, Mornieux G, Baur H, Mayer F, Belli A. Mechanical comparison of barefoot and shod running. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(7):593-8.

DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821327

80. Divert C, Baur H, Mornieux G, Mayer F, Belli A. Stiffness adaptations in shod running. J Appl Biomech. 2005;21(4):311-21.

DOI: 10.1123/jab.21.4.311

81. Gruber AH, Boyer KA, Derrick TR, Hamill J. Impact shock frequency components and attenuation in rearfoot and forefoot running. J Sport Health Sci. 2014;3(2):113-21.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.03.004

82. Futrell EE, Jamison ST, Tenforde AS, Davis IS. Relationships between Habitual Cadence, Footstrike, and Vertical Load Rates in Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(9):1837-41.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001629

83. Lieberman DE, Venkadesan M, Werbel WA, Daoud AI, D'Andrea S, Davis IS, et al. Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature. 2010;463(7280):531-5.

DOI: 10.1038/nature08723

84. Kuhman DJ, Paquette MR, Peel SA, Melcher DA. Comparison of ankle kinematics and ground reaction forces between prospectively injured and uninjured collegiate cross country runners. Hum Mov Sci. 2016;47:9-15.

DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.01.013

85. Rice H, Patel M. Manipulation of Foot Strike and Footwear Increases Achilles Tendon Loading During Running. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(10):2411-7.

DOI: 10.1177/0363546517704429

86. Chen TL, An WW, Chan ZYS, Au IPH, Zhang ZH, Cheung RTH. Immediate effects of modified landing pattern on a probabilistic tibial stress fracture model in runners. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2016;33:49-54.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.02.013

87. Jaen-Carrillo D, Garcia-Pinillos F, Latella C, Moore SR, Carton-Llorente A, Roche-Seruendo LE. Influence of footwear, foot-strike pattern and step frequency on spatiotemporal parameters and lower-body stiffness in running. J Sports Sci. 2022;40(3):299-309.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1992884

88. Boyer ER, Derrick TR. Lower extremity joint loads in habitual rearfoot and mid/forefoot strike runners with normal and shortened stride lengths. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(5):499-505.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1321775

89. Gruber AH, Umberger BR, Braun B, Hamill J. Economy and rate of carbohydrate oxidation during running with rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(2):194-201.

DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01437.2012

90. Ogueta-Alday A, Rodríguez-Marroyo JA, García-López J. Rearfoot Striking Runners Are More Economical Than Midfoot Strikers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(3):580-5.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000139

91. Santos-Concejero J, Tam N, Granados C, Irazusta J, Bidaurrazaga-Letona I, Zabala-Lili J, et al. Interaction Effects of Stride Angle and Strike Pattern on Running Economy. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(13):1118-23.

DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372640

92. Perl DP, Daoud AI, Lieberman DE. Effects of Footwear and Strike Type on Running Economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(7):1335-43.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318247989e

93. Fuller JT, Thewlis D, Tsiros MD, Brown NAT, Buckley JD. Effects of a minimalist shoe on running economy and 5-km running performance. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(18):1740-5.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1136071

94. Fuller JT, Thewlis D, Tsiros MD, Brown NAT, Buckley JD. Six-week transition to minimalist shoes improves running economy and time-trial performance. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20(12):1117-22.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.04.013

95. Lindlein K, Zech A, Zoch A, Braumann KM, Hollander K. Improving Running Economy by Transitioning to Minimalist Footwear: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(12):1298-303.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.012

96. Warne JP, Gruber AH. Transitioning to Minimal Footwear: a Systematic Review of Methods and Future Clinical Recommendations. Sports Med Open. 2017;3(1):33.

DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0096-x

97. Fuller JT, Bellenger CR, Thewlis D, Tsiros MD, Buckley JD. The Effect of Footwear on Running Performance and Running Economy in Distance Runners. Sports Med. 2015;45(3):411-22.

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0283-6

98. Warne JP, Moran KA, Warrington GD. Eight weeks gait retraining in minimalist footwear has no effect on running economy. Hum Mov Sci. 2015;42:183-92.

DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.05.005

99. Kasmer ME, Liu XC, Roberts KG, Valadao JM. Foot-Strike Pattern and Performance in a Marathon. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013;8(3):286-92.

DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.8.3.286

100. Latorre-Román PA, Jiménez MM, Hermoso VMS, Sánchez JS, Molina AM, Fuentes AR, et al. Acute effect of a long-distance road competition on foot strike patterns, inversion and kinematics parameters in endurance runners. Int J Performance Analysis Sport. 2015;15(2):588-97.

DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2015.11868816

101. Patoz A, Lussiana T, Gindre C, Hébert-Losier K. Recognition of Foot Strike Pattern in Asian Recreational Runners. Sports. 2019;7(6).

DOI: 10.3390/sports7060147

102. Hanley B, Bissas A, Merlino S, Gruber AH. Most marathon runners at the 2017 IAAF World Championships were rearfoot strikers, and most did not change footstrike pattern. J Biomech. 2019;92:54-60.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.024

103. Hébert-Losier K, Patoz A, Gindre C, Lussiana T. Footstrike pattern at the 10 km and 39 km points of the Singapore marathon in recreational runners. Footwear Science. 2021;13(1):43-53.

DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1803993

104. Kasmer ME, Liu XC, Roberts KG, Valadao JM. The relationship of foot strike pattern, shoe type, and performance in a 50-km trail race. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(6):1633-7.

DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a20ed4

105. Kasmer ME, Wren JJ, Hoffman MD. Foot Strike Pattern and Gait Changes During a 161-km Ultramarathon. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(5):1343-50.

DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000282

106. Hanley B, Bissas A, Merlino S. Men's and Women's World Championship Marathon Performances and Changes With Fatigue Are Not Explained by Kinematic Differences Between Footstrike Patterns. Front Sports Act Living. 2020;2:102.

DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00102

107. McLaughlin JE, Howley ET, Bassett DR, Thompson DL, Fitzhugh EC. Test of the Classic Model for Predicting Endurance Running Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(5):991-7.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c0669d

108. Barnes KR, Kilding AE. Strategies to Improve Running Economy. Sports Med. 2015;45(1):37-56.

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0246-y

109. Burke A, Dillon S, O'Connor S, Whyte EF, Gore S, Moran KA. Risk Factors for Injuries in Runners: A Systematic Review of Foot Strike Technique and Its Classification at Impact. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(9):23259671211020283.

DOI: 10.1177/23259671211020283

110. Hollander K, Johnson CD, Outerleys J, Davis IS. Multifactorial Determinants of Running Injury Locations in 550 Injured Recreational Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(1):102-7.

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002455

111. Fukusawa L, Stoddard R, Lopes AD. There is no difference in footstrike pattern distribution in recreational runners with or without anterior knee pain. Gait Posture. 2020;79:16-20.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.03.020

Instrucciones para citar

Roche-Seruendo L, Cartón-Llorente A, Molina-Molina A, Rubio-Peirotén A, Mayo-Nieto C, Nuñez-Trull A, et all. The first rocker: influence of the initial contact pattern on biomechanics, injuries, and performance in long-distance running. Rev Esp Pod 2023; 34(2): 121-131 / DOI: 1020986/revesppod20231679/2023

Descargar a un gestores de citas

Descargue la cita de este artículo haciendo clic en uno de los siguientes gestores de citas:

Métrica

Este artículo ha sido visitado 7050 veces.
Este artículo ha sido descargado 1 veces.

Estadísticas de Dimensions

Estadísticas de Plum Analytics

Ficha Técnica

Recibido: 17/11/2023

Aceptado: 20/11/2023

Prepublicado: 27/12/2023

Publicado: 29/12/2023

Tiempo de prepublicación: 40 días

Tiempo de edición del artículo: 42 días

Este artículo aun no tiene valoraciones .

Reader rating:

Rate this article:

Send by e-mail

Gestión de Cookies	Nombre	Tipo de Cookie	Función
Google	NID, PREF	Persistente	Personalizar los anuncios que se muestran en los servicios de Google.
Google Analytics	__utma, __utmb, __utmc, __utmz	Persistente	Conocer de forma anónima, nº de visitantes, procedencia, páginas visitadas, etc.